ch1.md --- 1/4 --- Text
45 45
46 *Result:* Captains may choose to return the disc to the thrower.]] 46 *Result:* Captains may choose to return the disc to the thrower.]]
47 47
.. 48 [[hr]]
.. 49
.. 50 *Note:* Deliberate or intentional breaches of the rules are considered cheating. Cheating
.. 51 includes any behaviour or playing pattern that indicates a blatant disregard of the
.. 52 rules and Spirit of the Game. This behaviour is considered intentional when players
.. 53 are expected to know the rules and act contrary to them to gain an advantage. The
.. 54 advantage can stem from knowingly committing rule breaches or calling them when
.. 55 there are none. Intent is indicated especially when captains or Game officials had
.. 56 previously explained the rule disregarded by the players.
.. 57
.. 58 *Example:* Egregious double teaming in the majority of zone setups, for example setting up
.. 59 within 1,5 meters of the thrower with no regard for any other offensive players, can
.. 60 be considered intentional especially after being called for double team in this game.
.. 61
.. 62 *Example:* Repeatedly fouling throwers in power position to stop the opponent’s flow indicates
.. 63 intent if it occurs over multiple incidents or is committed by multiple players on the
.. 64 team.
.. 65
.. 66 *Example:* Repeatedly calling minor infractions that do not impact play solely to stop the
.. 67 opponent’s flow can be considered a deliberate breach of the rule [1.3.10]. This can
.. 68 become egregious especially when the frequency of the calls increases throughout a
.. 69 game without the frequency of the incidents increasing and/or without having asked
.. 70 the opponents to rectify the minor infractions.
.. 71
.. 72 An example for a minor infraction that doesn't impact play is a minor toe-drag during
.. 73 the release of the disc without gaining additional power for the throw.
.. 74
48 ]] 75 ]]
49 [[comment Captain's clause 76 [[comment Captain's clause
50 77
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143 1.6.4. celebrating disrespectfully after scoring; 170 1.6.4. celebrating disrespectfully after scoring;
144 [[ann 1.6 Disrespectful celebration after scoring 171 [[ann 1.6 Disrespectful celebration after scoring
145 172
146 *What:* This includes spiking directed at an opponent and taunting of the opponent by 173 *What:* This includes spiking directed at an opponent and taunting the opponent by
147 “showing” them the disc. These actions must be avoided. 174 “showing” them the disc. These actions must be avoided.
148 175
149 *Result:* Opposing team captains and spirit captains should discuss all matters relating to 176 *Result:* Opposing team captains and spirit captains should discuss all matters relating to
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176 1.9. An experienced player, who offers advice on rules and guides on-field arbitration, may sup 203 1.9. An experienced player, who offers advice on rules and guides on-field arbitration, may sup
... ervise games involving beginners or younger players. ... ervise games involving beginners or younger players.
177 204
178 1.10. Calls should be discussed by the players directly involved in the play, and by players wh 205 1.10. Calls should be discussed by the players directly involved in the play, and by players wh
... o had the best perspective. ... o had the best perspective.
179 [[ann 1.7 Seeking perspective from non players 206 [[ann 1.7 Seeking perspective from non-players
180 207
181 It is still up to the players involved to make the final call. Non players must not 208 It is still up to the players involved to make the final call. Non-players must not
182 provide advice regarding a call unless they are requested to by a player involved. 209 provide advice regarding a call unless they are requested to by a player involved.
... 210 Non-players must not make any calls, or use any term or hand signal that indicates a
... 211 call when communicating to players on the field. They may repeat hand signals or
... 212 calls when they have been clearly made by a player on the field.
183 213
184 If play has stopped, and a player is unable to make a call, for example due to injury or 214 If play has stopped, and a player is unable to make a call, for example due to injury or
185 language barriers, then a teammate may make a call on their behalf. 215 language barriers, then a teammate may make a call on their behalf.
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241 271
242 A captain should not make a call that stops play if they were not directly involved in 272 A captain should not make a call that stops play if they were not directly involved in
243 the play. However a captain can be involved in resolving any call once play has 273 the play. However a captain can be involved in resolving any call once play has
244 already stopped.]] 274 already stopped. A captain also refers to a Spirit captain.]]
245 275
246 1.12. If after discussion players cannot agree, or it is not clear and obvious: 276 1.12. If after discussion players cannot agree, or it is not clear and obvious:
247 [[ann 1.10 Discussion of what occurred in a play 277 [[ann 1.10 Discussion of what occurred in a play
ch2.md --- Text
20 straight line, the sideline line is deemed to be the line between the two cones of the 20 straight line, the sideline line is deemed to be the line between the two cones of the
21 relevant zone the player is currently within. For example, if a player is close to the 21 relevant zone the player is currently within. For example, if a player is close to the
22 sideline in the central zone, it is the cones on each goal line along that sideline that 22 sideline in the central zone, it is the cones on each goal line along that sideline that
23 are relevant. If a player is close to the sideline within an endzone, it is the cones 23 are relevant. If a player is close to the sideline within an endzone, it is the cones at
24 the front and rear of that end zone along that sideline that are relevant.]] 24 the front and rear of that end zone along that sideline that are relevant.]]
25 25
26 2.2. The perimeter lines surround the playing field and consist of two (2) sidelines along the l 26 2.2. The perimeter lines surround the playing field and consist of two (2) sidelines along the l
.. ength and two (2) endlines along the width. .. ength and two (2) endlines along the width.
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12 3.4. No player may wear items of clothing or equipment that reasonably could harm the wearer or 12 3.4. No player may wear items of clothing or equipment that reasonably could harm the wearer or
.. other players, or impede an opponent's ability to play. .. other players, or impede an opponent's ability to play.
13 [[ann 3.1 Harmful equipment should not be worn 13 [[ann 3.1 Harmful equipment should not be worn
14 14
15 This includes wristwatches, bracelets, buckles and protruding jewellery. Fully 15 This could include, for example, wristwatches, bracelets, buckles and protruding jewellery. Full
.. .. y
16 metallic studs, long studs and studs with sharp edges are not allowed on footwear.]] 16 metallic studs, long studs and studs with sharp edges are not allowed on footwear.]]
17 [[comment Covered watches 17 [[comment Covered watches
18 18
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3 5.1. Each team will put a maximum of seven (7) players and a minimum of five (5) players on the 3 5.1. Each team will put a maximum of seven (7) players and a minimum of five (5) players on the
. field during each point. . field during each point.
4 [[ann 5.1 Mixed games 4 [[ann 5.1 Mixed games
5 5
6 In Mixed games, where men and women play on the same team, both teams should .
7 have the same gender ratio as each other on the field for each point. Events should 6 Events should
8 use one of the options in the [A6.1|WFDF Rules of Ultimate Appendix] to determine the 7 use one of the options in the [A6.1|WFDF Rules of Ultimate Appendix] to determine the
9 gender ratio for each point.]] 8 gender ratio for each point.]]
10 [[comment Gender designations 9 [[comment Gender designations
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30 The spirit captain is a team member, who is eligible to participate in the game, and 29 The spirit captain is a team member, who is eligible to participate in the game, and
31 has been designated to address, discuss, and resolve spirit issues at any point 30 has been designated to address, discuss, and resolve spirit issues at any point
32 throughout the competition with opponents, teammates, coaches, and game or event 31 throughout the competition with opponents, teammates, coaches, and game or event
33 officials.]] 32 officials. The spirit captain has also been designated to represent the team in
.. 33 decision-making on behalf of the team before, during, and after a game concerning
.. 34 spirit issues, for example calling a Spirit Stoppage.]]
34 35
35 5.3. A team may make unlimited substitutions after a goal is scored and before their team signal 36 5.3. A team may make unlimited substitutions after a goal is scored and before their team signal
.. s readiness for the pull. .. s readiness for the pull.
36 37
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19 6.3. At the start of the second half, these initial selections are switched. 19 6.3. At the start of the second half, these initial selections are switched.
20 20
21 6.4. For Mixed games, teams should discuss any strategies to make personnel match-ups easier to 21 6.4. For Mixed games, teams should discuss any strategies to make personnel match-ups easier to
.. identify. .. identify.
.. 22 [[ann 6.3 Personnel match-ups
.. 23
.. 24 Teams should refer to the [A6.4|WFDF Rules of Ultimate Appendix] for a method to make
.. 25 personnel match-ups easier to identify.]]
22 [[comment Identification strategies 26 [[comment Identification strategies
23 27
24 See [A6.4] in the appendix for a possible strategy of reusing the “gender ratio” hand signals 28 See [A6.4] in the appendix for a possible strategy of reusing the “gender ratio” hand signals
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53 53
54 7.5. If a team breaches [7.3] (“false start”) or [7.4] (“offside”) the opposing team may call t 54 7.5. If a team breaches [7.3] (“false start”) or [7.4] (“offside”) the opposing team may call t
.. he relevant violation. .. he relevant violation.
55 This must be called before the offence touches the disc ([7.8] still applies). 55 This must be called before the offence touches the disc ([7.8] still applies).
56 [[ann 7.4 Calling Offside 56 [[ann 7.4 Calling Offside/False start
57 57
58 It is recommended that the opposing team provide a warning to the captain of the 58 It is recommended that the opposing team provide a warning to the captain of the
59 team committing this violation before it is enforced. Team should also take into 59 team committing this violation before it is enforced. Team should also take into
60 account that calls should only be made where a breach is significant enough to make 60 account that calls should only be made where a breach is significant enough to make
61 a difference to the outcome of the action. 61 a difference to the outcome of the action.
62 62
63 Offside can only be called by the players on the field, and any call made by a non-player has n 63 Offside/false start can only be called by the players on the field, and any call made by
.. o consequences. However non players may assist in monitoring offside ..
.. 64 a non-player has no consequences. However non-players may assist in monitoring offside/false st
.. .. art
64 and may provide advice based on their perspective. 65 and may provide active advice based on their perspective.
.. 66 This is an exception from the rule that prohibits non-players to use hand signals associated
.. 67 with calls unprompted (they should not use verbal cues).
65 68
66 A contested offsides call results in a stoppage of play and a re-pull. 69 A contested offside/false start call results in a stoppage of play and a re-pull.
67 ..
68 To contest an offsides call, a player on the contesting team must have perspective at 70 To contest an offside/false start call, a player on the contesting team must have perspective a
.. .. t
69 least as good as the person making the call. If the call is made with the assistance of a 71 least as good as the person making the call. If the call is made with the assistance of a
70 non-player, only a similarly-positioned person would be deemed to have equal or 72 non-player, only a similarly-positioned person would be deemed to have equal or
71 better perspective.]] 73 better perspective.]]
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78 an offside, which is turned into an offside call by a player on the field, 80 an offside, which is turned into an offside call by a player on the field,
79 is indeed allowed by this annotation. This is presumably because it 81 is indeed allowed by this annotation. This is presumably because it
80 is nearly impossible to precisely judge an offside from 64 meters away.]] 82 is nearly impossible to precisely judge an offside from 64 meters away.]]
81 [[ann 7.5 Resuming play after an Offside call 83 [[ann 7.5 Resuming play after an pulling violation
82 84
83 There is no difference to whether a team has been called for their first offside 85 There is no difference to whether a team has been called for their first pulling
84 violation, or they have been called offside multiple times, the outcome is the same. 86 violation (offside or false start), or they have been called multiple times, the outcome is the
.. .. same.
85 87
86 If either team has called offside, it is still a “dropped pull” turnover if the offence 88 If either team has called a pulling violation, it is still a “dropped pull” turnover if the off
.. .. ence
87 touches the disc before it hits the ground, and the offensive team fails to 89 touches the disc before it hits the ground, and the offensive team fails to
88 subsequently establish possession. 90 subsequently establish possession.
89 91
90 If both teams are called for offside on the same pull, both outcomes described in 92 If both teams are called for a pulling violation on the same pull, both outcomes
91 rules [7.5.1] and [7.5.2] would apply. 93 described in rules [7.5.1] and [7.5.2] would apply.
92 94
93 *What:* The defence is offside and the offence calls offside after they catch the disc 95 *What:* The defence is offside and the offence calls offside after they catch the disc
94 96
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111 113
112 [[hr]] 114 [[hr]]
113 115
114 *What:* The offence is offside and the defence calls offside after the offence have caught the 116 *What:* The offence false starts and the defence calls false start after the offence have caugh
... ... t the
115 disc 117 disc
116 118
117 *Result:* The offside call has no bearing and play continues as if no offside has been called 119 *Result:* The false start call has no bearing and play continues as if no false start has been
... 120 called
118 121
119 [[hr]] 122 [[hr]]
120 123
121 *What:* The offence is offside and the defence calls offside while the disc is in the air and t 124 *What:* The offence false starts and the defence calls false start while the disc is in the air
... he ... and the
122 pull lands out-of-bounds 125 pull lands out-of-bounds
123 126
124 *Result:* The offence can still make a “brick” call. The thrower establishes a pivot at the bri 127 *Result:* The offence can still make a “brick” call. The thrower establishes a pivot at the bri
... ck ... ck
125 mark closest to their defending endzone. All other offence players establish a 128 mark closest to their defending endzone. All other offence players establish a
126 stationary position. The defence then establish a stationary position. The disc is 129 stationary position. The defence then establish a stationary position. The disc is
127 checked in and play resumes. 130 checked in and play resumes.
128 131
129 *Extra:* If a player makes an incorrect offside call (ie by calling it after it has been touche 132 *Extra:* If a player makes an incorrect pulling violation call (ie by calling it after it has b
... d, or ... een touched, or
130 the offence calls offside and also catches the pull) and play had stopped to discuss the 133 the offence calls offside and also catches the pull) and play had stopped to discuss the
131 call, players should return to where they were when the call was made and resume 134 call, players should return to where they were when the call was made and resume
132 play with a check.]] 135 play with a check.]]
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180 If an offensive player signals and calls “brick”, a different offensive player may pick up 183 If an offensive player signals and calls “brick”, a different offensive player may pick up
181 the disc. 184 the disc.
182 185
183 *Extra:* If players who had good perspective on the play cannot agree on if the pull landed 186 *Extra:* If players cannot agree on if the pull landed
184 out-of-bounds or in-bounds, the midpoint on the sideline between the two proposed 187 out-of-bounds or in-bounds, the midpoint on the sideline between the two proposed
185 pivot locations should be used.]] 188 pivot locations should be used.]]
186 189
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1 8. State of Play 1 8. State of Play
2 2
3 8.1. Play is 'dead', and no turnover is possible: 3 8.1. Play is 'dead', and no turnover is possible:
. 4 [[ann 8.1 Indicating “live” play with a ground touch
4 5
. 6 When a disc is to be put into play, the thrower may touch the disc to the ground to
. 7 indicate that they have established a pivot at the appropriate spot on the field.]]
. 8
5 8.1.1. After the start of a point, until the pull is released; 9 8.1.1. After the start of a point, until the pull is released;
6 10
7 8.1.2. When the disc must be carried to the pivot location after the pull or a turnover, until 11 8.1.2. When the disc must be carried to the pivot location after the pull or a turnover, until
. a pivot point is established; .. a pivot point is established;
8 12
9 8.1.3. After a call which stops the play or any other stoppage, until the disc is checked in; o 13 8.1.3. After a call which stops the play or any other stoppage, until the disc is checked in; o
. r .. r
10 [[ann 8.1 Using the wrong call 14 [[ann 8.2 Using the wrong call
11 15
12 *What:* A player signals a foul or violation and yells “stop” or uses the incorrect name for a 16 *What:* A player signals a foul or violation and yells “stop” or uses the incorrect name for a
13 call. 17 call.
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22 (rule [1.8]).]] 26 (rule [1.8]).]]
23 27
24 8.1.4. After a disc hits the ground, until possession is established by the appropriate team. 28 8.1.4. After a disc hits the ground, until possession is established by the appropriate team.
25 [[ann 8.2 Disc hits the ground 29 [[ann 8.3 Disc hits the ground
26 30
27 A disc is deemed to have hit the ground when it contacts the ground and no player 31 A disc is deemed to have hit the ground when it contacts the ground and no player
28 had caught the disc prior to the disc contacting the ground, or after the catch, the 32 had caught the disc prior to the disc contacting the ground, or after the catch, the
ch8.md --- 3/8 --- Text
34 prior to accidentally dropping the disc.]] 38 prior to accidentally dropping the disc.]]
35 39
36 8.1.5. Players are allowed to move during dead play (unless specified otherwise). 40 8.1.5. Players are allowed to move during dead play (unless specified otherwise).
37 [[ann 8.3 Moving during dead play 41 [[ann 8.4 Moving during dead play
38 42
39 If, after an out-of-bounds turnover, the thrower is walking the disc to the playing 43 If, after an out-of-bounds turnover, the thrower is walking the disc to the playing
40 field, all other players are allowed to move.]] 44 field, all other players are allowed to move.]]
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44 8.3. The thrower may not transfer possession of the disc during dead play to another player. 48 8.3. The thrower may not transfer possession of the disc during dead play to another player.
45 49
46 8.4. Any player may attempt to stop a disc from rolling or sliding after it has hit the ground. 50 8.4. Any player may attempt to stop a disc from rolling or sliding after it has hit the ground.
47 [[ann 8.4 Significantly altering the discs position 51 [[ann 8.5 Significantly altering the discs position
48 52
49 *What:* In attempting to stop a rolling disc a player knocks the disc towards their attacking 53 *What:* In attempting to stop a rolling disc a player knocks the disc towards their attacking
50 endzone. 54 endzone.
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62 8.4.1. If, in attempting to stop such a disc, a player significantly alters the disc’s position 66 8.4.1. If, in attempting to stop such a disc, a player significantly alters the disc’s position
.. , the opposition may request that the pivot point be established at the location where the disc .. , the opposition may request that the pivot point be established at the location where the disc
.. was contacted. .. was contacted.
63 67
64 8.5. After a turnover, and after the pull, an offensive player must move at walking pace or fas 68 8.5. After a turnover, and after the pull, an offensive player must move at walking pace or fas
.. ter to directly retrieve the disc and establish a pivot point. .. ter to directly retrieve the disc and establish a pivot point.
65 [[ann 8.5 Standing over the disc after a turnover 69 [[ann 8.6 Standing over the disc after a turnover
66 70
67 *What:* A turnover has occurred and the new intended thrower is standing over the disc, 71 *What:* A turnover has occurred and the new intended thrower is standing over the disc,
68 waiting for their team to set up 72 waiting for their team to set up
ch8.md --- 6/8 --- Text
80 84
81 It is recommended that the opposing team provide a warning to the opposition and 85 It is recommended that the opposing team provide a warning to the opposition and
82 make sure they are aware of the rule before enforcing any time limits.]] 86 make sure they are aware of the rule before enforcing any time limits.]]
.. 87 [[ann 8.7 Changing speed moving to the pivot point
83 88
.. 89 The offensive player may change speed, from walking to running, or vice versa, at any
.. 90 time while retrieving the disc and establishing a pivot point.]]
.. 91
84 8.5.1. In addition to 8.5, after a turnover the thrower must establish a pivot point within the 92 8.5.1. In addition to 8.5, after a turnover the thrower must establish a pivot point within the
.. following time limits, if the disc did not become out-of-bounds, and the disc’s location is: .. following time limits, if the disc did not become out-of-bounds, and the disc’s location is:
85 [[ann 8.6 Time limits after a turnover 93 [[ann 8.8 Time limits after a turnover
86 94
87 To enforce the 10 and 20 second time limits the defence should use a Pre-stall, by 95 To enforce the 10 and 20 second time limits the defence should use a Pre-stall, by
88 loudly counting down the time limit in 5-second intervals. The Pre-stall should be 96 loudly counting down the time limit in 5-second intervals. The Pre-stall should be
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99 make sure they are aware of the rule before enforcing any time limits. 107 make sure they are aware of the rule before enforcing any time limits.
100 108
101 If the offence believes that the time limits are being counted too quickly, they can call 109 If the offence believes that the time limits are being counted too quickly, they can call
102 a fast count. 110 a fast count.]]
103 ...
104 The defence must allow an unobstructed path by the offence to the disc and to the ...
105 pivot location.]] ...
106 111
107 8.5.1.1. in the [central-zone|central zone] – within ten (10) seconds of the disc coming to res 112 8.5.1.1. in the [central-zone|central zone] – within ten (10) seconds of the disc coming to res
... t. ... t.
108 113
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111 8.5.2. If the offence breaches [8.5], or [8.5.1], the defence may give a warning (“Delay of Gam 116 8.5.2. If the offence breaches [8.5], or [8.5.1], the defence may give a warning (“Delay of Gam
... e” or using a [pre-stall] for breaches of 8.5.1) or may call a “Violation”. ... e” or using a [pre-stall] for breaches of 8.5.1) or may call a “Violation”.
112 117
113 8.5.2.1. If, after a warning, the offence continues to breach [8.5], or [8.5.1], then [9.3.1] d 118 8.5.2.1. If, after a warning, the offence continues to breach [8.5], or [8.5.1], then [9.3.1] d
... oes not apply and the marker may commence the stall count. ... oes not apply and the marker may commence the stall count.
114 [[ann 8.7 Starting a stall count after a delay of game 119 [[ann 8.9 Starting a stall count after a delay of game
115 120
116 After the “delay of game” call the offence should be given two (2) seconds to remedy 121 After the “delay of game” call the offence should be given two (2) seconds to remedy
117 the breach before the stall count is commenced]] 122 the breach before the stall count is commenced]]
ch9.md --- 1/2 --- Text
68 68
69 * Contested foul 69 * Contested foul
70 70
.. 71 * Offsetting foul
.. 72
71 * Contested goal 73 * Contested goal
72 74
73 * Contested turnover (excluding stall-out) 75 * Contested turnover (excluding stall-out)
ch9.md --- 2/2 --- Text
122 124
123 *Note:* If there is a disagreement that cannot be resolved about what number the stall count 125 *Note:* If there is a disagreement that cannot be resolved about what number the stall count
124 should restart on, the midpoint between the two proposed stall counts should be 126 should restart on, the midpoint between the two proposed stall counts should be
125 used, rounded down.]] 127 used, rounded down.
... 128
... 129 “The last agreed number fully uttered” should be the last agreed legitimate number –
... 130 if the stall count was started on 6 instead of 1, then even though 6 was the last
... 131 number uttered, it should not be used as “x”.]]
126 132
127 9.6.1. If “x” is the last agreed number fully uttered prior to the call, then the stall count r 133 9.6.1. If “x” is the last agreed number fully uttered prior to the call, then the stall count r
... esumes at “Stalling (x plus one)” or “Stalling n”, whichever of those two numbers is lower. ... esumes at “Stalling (x plus one)” or “Stalling n”, whichever of those two numbers is lower.
128 134
ch10.md --- 1/2 --- Text
81 the correct position before checking the disc in. 81 the correct position before checking the disc in.
82 82
83 *Note:* It is recommended that the opposing team provide a warning to the opposition, and 83 *Note:* It is recommended that the opposing team provide a warning to the opposition, and
84 make sure they are aware of the rule, before enforcing this rule.]] 84 make sure they are aware of the rule, before enforcing this rule.
.. 85
.. 86 Players can discuss team tactics during a delay caused by another factor, such as
.. 87 waiting for the disc to be returned to the thrower.]]
85 [[comment Tactical discussions during a stoppage 88 [[comment Tactical discussions during a stoppage
86 89
87 Teams are allowed to make tactical discussions during a stoppage, _unless_ those discussions de 90 Teams are allowed to make tactical discussions during a stoppage, _unless_ those discussions de
.. lay .. lay
ch10.md --- 2/2 --- Text
99 102
100 * “Is the defense ready?” 103 * “Is the defense ready?”
101 104
102 * “The stall count is starting on ‘x’” 105 * “The stall count is starting on ‘stalling x’”
103 106
104 * “Disc In, in 3...2...1” 107 * “Disc In, in 3...2...1”
105 108
ch11.md --- 1/2 --- Text
36 36
37 If there is a contested call regarding the catch after a “greatest”, the player who 37 If there is a contested call regarding the catch after a “greatest”, the player who
38 threw the “greatest” should be treated as the last thrower. They should establish a 38 threw the “greatest” should be treated as the last thrower. They should establish a
39 pivot at the point on the field closest to where they released the disc (or on the goal 39 pivot at the point in the central zone closest to where they released the disc.]]
40 line if this would result in a pivot in their attacking end zone).]] ..
41 40
42 11.3.2. A player who has [catch|caught] the disc, who contacts the playing field and then conta 41 11.3.2. A player who has [catch|caught] the disc, who contacts the playing field and then conta
.. cts an out-of-bounds area, is still considered in-bounds, as long as they maintain the catch un .. cts an out-of-bounds area, is still considered in-bounds, as long as they maintain the catch un
.. til they establish [possession-of-the-disc|possession]. .. til they establish [possession-of-the-disc|possession].
43 42
ch11.md --- 2/2 --- Text
145 the pass and throws it while in the air, and the disc lands in-bounds, then that 144 the pass and throws it while in the air, and the disc lands in-bounds, then that
146 establishes the disc as being back in-bounds. 145 establishes the disc as being back in-bounds.
147 146
148 *Note:* If players who had good perspective on the play cannot agree on where the disc 147 *Note:* If players cannot agree on where the disc
149 went out-of-bounds, the midpoint between the two proposed locations should be 148 went out-of-bounds, the midpoint between the two proposed locations should be
150 used. 149 used.
151 150
ch12.md --- 1/4 --- Text
19 until they throw the disc 19 until they throw the disc
20 20
21 *Extra:* For a disc to be considered “trapped” the disc must be held firmly between at least 21 *Extra:* For a disc to be considered “trapped” the disc must be held firmly between at least
22 two body parts and should not move relative to those two body parts. 22 two body parts and must not move relative to those two body parts.
23 23
24 If a player initially catches a pass and then, prior to establishing possession, they do 24 If a player initially catches a pass and then, prior to establishing possession, they do
25 not maintain the catch (‘maintain the catch’ means to continue to have a non-spinning disc trap 25 not maintain the catch (‘maintain the catch’ means to continue to have a non-spinning disc trap
.. ped between at least two body parts), that initial catch is deemed .. ped between at least two body parts), that initial catch is deemed
ch12.md --- 2/4 --- Text
80 partly motivated to prevent an opponent from taking an unoccupied path to the disc, 80 partly motivated to prevent an opponent from taking an unoccupied path to the disc,
81 so long as it is part of a general effort to make a play on the disc. 81 so long as it is part of a general effort to make a play on the disc.
82 82
83 If a trailing player runs into a player in front of them, it is nearly always a foul on the 83 If a trailing player (Player A) runs into a player in front of them (Player B), it is nearly al
.. .. ways a foul by the
84 trailing player. 84 trailing player (Player A).
85 85
86 After a turnover, and/or whenever a thrower is not at the pivot location, the 86 After a turnover, and/or whenever a thrower is not at the pivot location, the
87 defence must allow an unobstructed path by the offence to the disc and/or to the 87 defence must not move in a manner that obstructs the offences path to the disc and/or to the
88 pivot location]] 88 pivot location]]
89 89
90 12.6. All players must attempt to avoid initiating contact with other players, and there is no 90 12.6. All players must attempt to avoid initiating contact with other players, and there is no
.. situation where a player may justify initiating contact. This includes avoiding initiating cont .. situation where a player may justify initiating contact. This includes avoiding initiating cont
.. act with a stationary opponent, or an opponent’s expected position based on their established s .. act with a stationary opponent, or an opponent’s expected position based on their established s
.. peed and direction. .. peed and direction.
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285 perspective.]] 285 perspective.]]
286 286
287 12.9. Players may not use their extended arms or legs to obstruct the movement of opposing play 287 12.9. Players may not use their extended arms or legs to obstruct the movement of opposing play
... ers. ... ers.
... 288 [[ann 12.9 Extended arms or legs
... 289
... 290 A player’s arms and legs are not considered “extended” during normal running and
... 291 jumping.]]
288 [[comment Principle of verticality 292 [[comment Principle of verticality
289 293
290 USAU rules include a “principle of verticality” in that players have special rights 294 USAU rules include a “principle of verticality” in that players have special rights
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294 (e.g., their shoulder) to prevent them from legally jumping.]] 298 (e.g., their shoulder) to prevent them from legally jumping.]]
295 299
296 12.10. No player may physically assist the movement of another player, nor use an item of equip 300 12.10. No player may physically assist the movement of another player, nor use an item of equip
... ment or object to assist in contacting the disc. ... ment or object to assist in contacting the disc.
297 [[ann 12.9 Assisting a players movement or using equipment 301 [[ann 12.10 Assisting a players movement or using equipment
298 302
299 If an offense player physically assists the movement of another, or uses an item of 303 If an offense player physically assists the movement of another, or uses an item of
300 equipment to assist in contacting the disc, this is a turnover – see rules [13.2.6], and 304 equipment to assist in contacting the disc, this is a turnover – see rules [13.2.6], and
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60 13.1.2. a defensive player establishes possession of a pass (an “interception”); 60 13.1.2. a defensive player establishes possession of a pass (an “interception”);
61 [[ann 13.3 Interception turnover 61 [[ann 13.3 Interception turnover
62 62
.. 63 A defender that intercepts a pass while in the air may attempt a pass prior to
63 If a defender from Team A intercepts a pass while airborne and throws the disc 64 contacting the ground ([18.2.1.1]). If so, they do not need to establish a pivot point
.. 65 before throwing, despite [13.8]–[13.11]. However if a defender from Team A intercepts
64 before the contact the ground, and the pass is incomplete, that is a turnover by 66 a pass while airborne and throws the disc before they contact the ground, and the
65 Team A and Team B would become the team is possession. 67 pass is incomplete, that is a turnover by Team A and Team B would become the
.. 68 team is possession.
66 69
67 *Extra:* A defender can intentionally hit a pass towards their endzone, but if they 70 *Extra:* A defender can intentionally hit a disc towards their endzone, but if they
68 subsequently contact the disc before it hits the ground, this is a travel as per rule 71 subsequently contact the disc before it hits the ground, this is a travel as per rule
69 [18.2.4.5].]] 72 [18.2.4.5] (Note: if the defender’s first contact with the disc is for the purpose of
.. 73 blocking the disc, they may still then intentionally hit the disc towards their endzone)]]
70 74
71 13.1.3. the disc becomes out-of-bounds (an “out-of-bounds” or “out”); or 75 13.1.3. the disc becomes out-of-bounds (an “out-of-bounds” or “out”); or
72 76
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192 other team plays from (which is governed by 13.8 through 13.11).]] 196 other team plays from (which is governed by 13.8 through 13.11).]]
193 197
194 13.7.1. the disc has come to a stop or is picked up by an offensive player; or 198 13.7.1. the disc has come to a stop or is picked up by an offensive player; or
... 199 [[ann 13.11 Turnover location
195 200
... 201 The location where a disc has come to a stop includes the location where an
... 202 out-of-bounds offensive player catches the disc.]]
... 203
196 13.7.2. the intercepting player stops; or 204 13.7.2. the intercepting player stops; or
197 205
198 13.7.3. the thrower was located at the time of the call, in the case of [13.2.2], [13.2.3], [13 206 13.7.3. the thrower was located at the time of the call, in the case of [13.2.2], [13.2.3], [13
... .2.4], [13.2.5]; or ... .2.4], [13.2.5]; or
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202 13.7.5. the accepted offensive receiving foul occurred. 210 13.7.5. the accepted offensive receiving foul occurred.
203 211
204 13.8. If the turnover location is out-of-bounds, or the disc touched an out-of-bounds area afte 212 13.8. If the turnover location is out-of-bounds, or the disc touched an out-of-bounds area afte
... r the turnover occurred, the thrower must establish a pivot point at the location on the centra ... r the turnover occurred, the thrower must establish a pivot point at the location on the centra
... l zone nearest to where the disc went out-of-bounds (Section [11.8]). ... l zone nearest to where the disc went out-of-bounds (Section [11.8]).
205 [[ann 13.11 Where to establish a pivot foot – disc out-of-bounds 213 [[ann 13.12 Where to establish a pivot foot – disc out-of-bounds
206 214
207 The official spot is just next to the line (since the line is not part of the playing field), 215 The official spot is just next to the line (since the line is not part of the playing field),
208 but a pivot foot on the line is also acceptable. Given the fact that perimeter lines are 216 but a pivot point on the line is also acceptable. Given the fact that perimeter lines are
209 only a few centimetres wide, the “error” is too small to be significant. While the 217 only a few centimetres wide, the “error” is too small to be significant. While the
210 rules state that the pivot point should be established in-bounds, rule [11.3.3] also 218 rules state that the pivot point should be established in-bounds, rule [11.3.3] also
211 indicates that it is not a problem that the pivot foot contacts an out-of-bounds area. 219 indicates that it is not a problem that the pivot foot contacts an out-of-bounds area.
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243 13.8.1. If 13.8 does not apply, a pivot point must be established according to [13.9], [13.10], 251 13.8.1. If 13.8 does not apply, a pivot point must be established according to [13.9], [13.10],
... or [13.11]. ... or [13.11].
244 252
245 13.9. If the turnover location is in the central zone, the thrower must establish a pivot point 253 13.9. If the turnover location is in the central zone, the thrower must establish a pivot point
... at that location. ... at that location.
246 [[ann 13.12 Where to establish a pivot foot after a turnover – disc in-bounds 254 [[ann 13.13 Where to establish a pivot foot after a turnover – disc in-bounds
247 255
248 *What:* A disc is turned over and the pivot is to be established in the Central Zone. 256 *What:* A disc is turned over and the pivot is to be established in the Central Zone.
249 257
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275 13.11.2. at the nearest location on the goal line to the turnover location, by moving from the 283 13.11.2. at the nearest location on the goal line to the turnover location, by moving from the
... turnover location. ... turnover location.
276 284
277 13.11.2.1. The intended thrower, before picking up the disc, may signal the goal line option by 285 13.11.2.1. The intended thrower, before picking up the disc, may signal the goal line option by
... fully extending one arm above their head. ... fully extending one arm above their head.
278 [[ann 13.13 Hand signal after a turnover in defending end zone 286 [[ann 13.14 Hand signal after a turnover in defending end zone
279 287
280 The goal line signal can be useful to communicate to all players that the goal line 288 The goal line signal can be useful to communicate to all players that the goal line
281 option will be taken. If the signal is made, the thrower must move to the goal line. 289 option will be taken. If the signal is made, the thrower must move to the goal line.
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293 line, not in between.]] 301 line, not in between.]]
294 302
295 13.11.3. Immediate movement, staying at the turnover location, faking a pass, or signaling the 303 13.11.3. Immediate movement, staying at the turnover location, faking a pass, or signaling the
... goal line option, determines where to establish a pivot point and cannot be reversed. ... goal line option, determines where to establish a pivot point and cannot be reversed.
296 [[ann 13.14 Establishing a pivot foot after a turnover in defending end zone 304 [[ann 13.15 Establishing a pivot foot after a turnover in defending end zone
297 305
298 If the thrower breaches rule 13.11.3, this should be treated as a travel infraction. Play 306 If the thrower breaches rule 13.11.3, this should be treated as a travel infraction. Play
299 does not stop, but the thrower must return to the correct pivot. 307 does not stop, but the thrower must return to the correct pivot.
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125 [[ann 15.8 Contesting a call 125 [[ann 15.8 Contesting a call
126 126
127 If, for example, the player against whom the breach was called thinks that the breach 127 If, for example, the player against whom the breach was called thinks that the breach
128 was not significant enough to make a difference to the outcome of the action, they 128 was not significant enough to make a difference to the outcome of the action,
... 129 or the player disagrees when the event or the call occurred, they
129 can contest the call.]] 130 can contest the call.]]
130 [[comment What happens on a contest? 131 [[comment What happens on a contest?
131 132
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167 * Contested force-out foul: Stays with receiver if and only if they 168 * Contested force-out foul: Stays with receiver if and only if they
168 were not out-of-bounds ([17.5.3]) 169 were not out-of-bounds ([17.5.3])
169 170
170 * Contested pick: Follows general rules above ([annotation18.15]); in particular, 171 * Contested pick: Follows general rules above ([annotation18.16]); in particular,
171 the caller does not get to catch up 172 the caller does not get to catch up
172 173
173 * Contested marking infraction: Play stops, completed passes go back 174 * Contested marking infraction: Play stops, completed passes go back
174 to the thrower (marking infractions otherwise do not stop play) 175 to the thrower (marking infractions otherwise do not stop play)
175 ([18.1.2.1]) 176 ([18.1.2.1])
176 177
177 * Contested travel infraction: Thrower must call “violation”, play stops 178 * Contested travel infraction: Thrower must call “violation”, play stops
178 (travel infractions otherwise do not stop play) ([annotation18.13], [18.2.8]) 179 (travel infractions otherwise do not stop play) ([annotation18.14], [18.2.8])
179 180
180 Remember that [16.3] always applies; if the call or breach didn't affect 181 Remember that [16.3] always applies; if the call or breach didn't affect
181 the play, and both teams agree, it stands anyway.]] 182 the play, and both teams agree, it stands anyway.]]
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185 186
186 If, for example, the marker calls a foul against the thrower, and after discussion the 187 If, for example, the marker calls a foul against the thrower, and after discussion the
187 marker retracts their call, the stall count would resume at “Stalling 1” as per rule 188 marker retracts their call, the stall count would resume at “Stalling 1” as per rule
188 [9.5.1].]] 189 [9.5.1].
... 190
... 191 Player positioning should also be resumed as if an accepted breach has been caused
... 192 by that player.]]
189 [[comment How is this different from incorrect calls? 193 [[comment How is this different from incorrect calls?
190 194
191 After recent (2025) rule changes, there's not a lot of difference between incorrect 195 After recent (2025) rule changes, there's not a lot of difference between incorrect
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25 [[ann 17.2 Dangerous Play 25 [[ann 17.2 Dangerous Play
26 26
27 Dangerous Play fouls can be called before an event to avoid a potential collision e.g. a 27 Dangerous Play fouls can be called before an event to avoid a potential collision e.g. a
28 defender runs/layouts in a way that an accident would occur if the offence were to 28 defender runs/layouts in a reckless way that an accident would occur if the offence were to
29 continue. When this occurs it is correct to not make a play on the disc & to call a 29 continue. When this occurs it is correct to not make a play on the disc & to call a
30 ‘dangerous play’ foul. 30 ‘dangerous play’ foul.
31 31
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34 player and have some reason to believe that player will not avoid contact – this could 34 player and have some reason to believe that player will not avoid contact – this could
35 include a previous history of that player to not avoid contact. 35 include a previous history of that player to not avoid contact.
36 36
.. 37 A “reckless disregard for the safety of fellow players” is especially indicated when a
.. 38 player makes a play that could lead to injury without having any chance of making a
.. 39 legal play on the disc. If the chance of making a legal play on the disc is minimal or
.. 40 non-existent, initiating any body contact shows more disregard for player safety than
.. 41 if the player could actually legally reach the disc. If that body contact has any
.. 42 potential to cause an injury, that should be considered a dangerous play.
.. 43
.. 44 If a player can make a legal play on the disc and initiates or could initiate body
.. 45 contact that poses significant risk of (serious) injury to a fellow player, then that is a
.. 46 dangerous play.
.. 47
37 *Extra:* You cannot call dangerous play if you feel you could have made a play on the disc, 48 *Extra:* You cannot call dangerous play if you feel you could have made a play on the disc,
38 but that would have resulted in you initiating contact. In that instance, you should 49 but that would have resulted in you initiating contact. In that instance, you should
39 just refrain from making the play. 50 just refrain from making the play.
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151 17.3. Strip Fouls: 162 17.3. Strip Fouls:
152 [[ann 17.7 Strip Fouls 163 [[ann 17.7 Strip Fouls
153 164
... 165 A strip foul that does not relate to a goal being scored is to be treated as a receiving
... 166 foul.
... 167
154 A player may not call a strip if they had only momentary contact with or lacked 168 A player may not call a strip if they had only momentary contact with or lacked
155 control of the disc prior to an opponent contacting the disc. 169 control of the disc prior to an opponent contacting the disc.
156 170
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335 349
336 If the marker is legally positioned and is moving their arm directly away from the 350 If the marker is legally positioned and is moving their arm directly away from the
337 thrower, and the thrower initiates contact with the markers arm, this is a foul by the 351 thrower, and the thrower initiates contact with the markers arm, this is a foul by the
338 offence.]] 352 offence.
... 353
... 354 In general, any contact between the thrower and the extended arms or legs of a
... 355 marker is a foul on the marker, unless the contacted area of the marker is
... 356 completely stationary and in a legal position.]]
339 [[decision-diagram decision-diagram-marker-foul-no-pass.svg Foul by marker, no pass attempted]] 357 [[decision-diagram decision-diagram-marker-foul-no-pass.svg Foul by marker, no pass attempted]]
340 [[decision-diagram decision-diagram-marker-foul-pass.svg Foul by marker, pass attempted]] 358 [[decision-diagram decision-diagram-marker-foul-pass.svg Foul by marker, pass attempted]]
341 359
342 17.6.1. A Defensive Throwing Foul occurs when: 360 17.6.1. A Defensive Throwing Foul occurs when:
343 361
344 17.6.1.1. There is non-minor contact between the thrower and an illegally positioned defensive 362 17.6.1.1. There is non-minor contact between the thrower and an illegally positioned defensive
... player (Section [18.1]); or ... player (Section [18.1]); or
345 [[ann 17.12 Marking foul and double team 363 [[ann 17.12 Thrower initiated contact
... 364
... 365 If the thrower initiates contact with an illegally positioned defensive player, 17.6.1.1
... 366 only applies if this contact is part of an ultimate-related manoeuvre (throwing,
... 367 pivoting, etc.) and must occur with a part of the marker that is illegally positioned.
... 368
... 369 For example, shoving the marker does not result in contact due to the marker
... 370 setting up an illegal position. Similarly, if a marker is providing disc space, except for
... 371 illegally wrapping the thrower with their arms, only contact with the illegally
... 372 positioned arms is due to the marker setting up an illegal position.]]
... 373 [[ann 17.13 Marking foul and double team
346 374
347 If a defender is legally marking the thrower and then a second defender commits a 375 If a defender is legally marking the thrower and then a second defender commits a
348 double team, the second defender is deemed to be the illegally positioned defensive 376 double team, the second defender is deemed to be the illegally positioned defensive
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352 17.6.1.2. A defensive player initiates non-minor contact with the thrower, or there is non-mino 380 17.6.1.2. A defensive player initiates non-minor contact with the thrower, or there is non-mino
... r contact resulting from the thrower and the defender both vying for the same unoccupied positi ... r contact resulting from the thrower and the defender both vying for the same unoccupied positi
... on, prior to the thrower releasing the pass. ... on, prior to the thrower releasing the pass.
353 381
354 17.6.1.3. If a Defensive Throwing Foul occurs prior to the thrower releasing the pass and not d 382 17.6.1.3. If a Defensive Throwing Foul occurs prior to the thrower releasing the pass and not d
... uring the throwing motion, the thrower may choose to call a contact infraction, by calling “Con ... uring the throwing motion, the thrower may choose to call a contact infraction, by calling “Con
... tact”. After a contact infraction that is not contested, play does not stop and the marker must ... tact”. After a contact infraction that is not contested, play does not stop and the marker must
... resume the stall count at one (1). ... resume the stall count at one (1).
355 [[ann 17.13 Making a ‘contact’ call 383 [[ann 17.14 Making a ‘contact’ call
356 384
357 *What:* A defensive player initiates non-minor contact with the thrower prior to the act of 385 *What:* A defensive player initiates non-minor contact with the thrower prior to the act of
358 throwing, but the thrower does not wish to stop play. 386 throwing, but the thrower does not wish to stop play.
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426 17.7.2. Contact occurring during the thrower's follow through is not a sufficient basis for a f 454 17.7.2. Contact occurring during the thrower's follow through is not a sufficient basis for a f
... oul, but should be avoided. ... oul, but should be avoided.
427 455
428 17.8. Indirect Fouls: 456 17.8. Indirect Fouls:
429 [[ann 17.14 Indirect Fouls 457 [[ann 17.15 Indirect Fouls
430 458
431 *What:* An offensive player accidentally runs into a defensive player and knocks them over. 459 *What:* An offensive player accidentally runs into a defensive player and knocks them over.
432 The thrower has not released the disc. The defensive player calls a foul. 460 The thrower has not released the disc. The defensive player calls a foul.
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459 17.9.1. If accepted fouls are called by offensive and defensive players on the same play, these 487 17.9.1. If accepted fouls are called by offensive and defensive players on the same play, these
... are offsetting fouls, and the disc must be returned to the last non-disputed thrower. ... are offsetting fouls, and the disc must be returned to the last non-disputed thrower.
460 488
461 17.9.2. If there is non-[minor-contact|minor contact] that is caused by two or more opposing pl 489 17.9.2. If there is non-[minor-contact|minor contact] that is caused by two or more opposing pl
... ayers moving towards a single point simultaneously, this must be treated as offsetting fouls. ... ayers moving towards a single point simultaneously, this must be treated as offsetting fouls.
462 [[ann 17.15 Offsetting receiving fouls 490 [[ann 17.16 Offsetting receiving fouls
463 491
464 There are times when both players have a right to a space and neither player can be 492 There are times when both players have a right to a space and neither player can be
465 deemed to have initiated contact. In these circumstances, if body contact occurs that 493 deemed to have initiated contact. In these circumstances, if body contact occurs that
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28 reduce the stall count to 1 (it should not result in a “negative stall count”).]] 28 reduce the stall count to 1 (it should not result in a “negative stall count”).]]
29 29
30 18.1.1.2. “Straddle” – a line between a defensive player’s feet comes within one disc diameter 30 18.1.1.2. “Straddle” – a line between a defensive player’s feet comes within one disc diameter
.. of the thrower’s pivot point. .. of the thrower’s pivot point.
.. 31 [[ann 18.2 Straddle
31 32
.. 33 The pivot point for purposes of a straddle is the body part used as a pivot point, not
.. 34 the single point on the ground]]
.. 35
32 18.1.1.3. “Disc Space” – any part of a defensive player is less than one disc diameter away fro 36 18.1.1.3. “Disc Space” – any part of a defensive player is less than one disc diameter away fro
.. m the torso of the thrower. However, if this situation is caused solely by movement of the thro .. m the torso of the thrower. However, if this situation is caused solely by movement of the thro
.. wer, it is not an infraction. .. wer, it is not an infraction.
33 [[ann 18.2 Disc Space 37 [[ann 18.3 Disc Space
34 38
35 The thrower may choose to call “disc space” for both straddle and wrapping 39 The thrower may choose to call “disc space” for both straddle and wrapping
36 violations as appropriate. However, the thrower may also choose to call the more 40 violations as appropriate. However, the thrower may also choose to call the more
37 specific violation for clearer communication to the marker about what needs to be 41 specific violation for clearer communication to the marker about what needs to be
38 corrected.]] 42 corrected.]]
39 43
40 18.1.1.4. “Wrapping” – a line between a defensive player’s hands or arms comes within one disc 44 18.1.1.4. “Wrapping” – a line between a defensive player’s hands or arms comes within one disc
.. diameter of the thrower’s torso, or any part of the defensive player’s body is above the throwe .. diameter of the thrower’s torso, or any part of the defensive player’s body is above the throwe
.. r’s pivot point. However, if this situation is caused solely by movement of the thrower, it is .. r’s pivot point. However, if this situation is caused solely by movement of the thrower, it is
.. not an infraction. .. not an infraction.
41 [[ann 18.3 Wrapping 45 [[ann 18.4 Wrapping
42 46
43 The marker is allowed to stand with arms stretched out to attempt to ‘force’ the 47 The marker is allowed to stand with arms stretched out to attempt to ‘force’ the
44 thrower to throw in a particular direction, as long as they are legally positioned.]] 48 thrower to throw in a particular direction, as long as they are legally positioned.]]
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51 55
52 *Result:* The offence may call “double team” unless all “extra” defenders can claim they are 56 *Result:* The offence may call “double team” unless all “extra” defenders can claim they are
53 guarding (within three meters of an offensive player and are reacting to that offensive 57 guarding (within three meters of an offensive player and are reacting to that offensive
54 player) another offensive player, or if they are merely running across the area. 58 player) another offensive player, or if they are merely running across the area (‘the
.. 59 area’ refers to the area within 3 metres of the thrower’s pivot point).
55 60
56 *Note:* In zone defence it is common for a defender to come within 3 metres of the 61 *Note:* In zone defence it is common for a defender to come within 3 metres of the
57 thrower when another offensive player enters into that same area. To avoid a double 62 thrower when another offensive player enters into that same area. To avoid a double
58 team the defender must be guarding that offensive player, which can include 63 team the defender must be guarding that offensive player, which can include
59 attempting to stop a pass to that offensive player. 64 attempting to prevent a pass to that offensive player.
60 65
61 If the defence does not believe they have committed a double team infraction they 66 If the defence does not believe they have committed a double team infraction they
62 may call contest and play shall stop – they cannot just ignore the call. 67 may call contest and play shall stop – they cannot just ignore the call.
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110 18.1.2. A marking infraction may be contested by the defence, in which case play stops. 115 18.1.2. A marking infraction may be contested by the defence, in which case play stops.
111 116
112 18.1.2.1. If a pass has been completed, a contested or retracted marking infraction must be tre 117 18.1.2.1. If a pass has been completed, a contested or retracted marking infraction must be tre
... ated as a violation by the offence, and the disc must be returned to the thrower. ... ated as a violation by the offence, and the disc must be returned to the thrower.
113 [[ann 18.5 Contested Marking Infractions 118 [[ann 18.6 Contested Marking Infractions
114 119
115 After a contested marking infraction where a pass has been completed, it is the 120 After a contested marking infraction where a pass has been completed, it is the
116 marker's responsibility to announce if play was affected for the purpose of rule [16.3]. 121 marker's responsibility to announce if play was affected for the purpose of rule [16.3].
117 ...
118 In limited situations for contested marking infraction calls, when the marker diverts 122 In limited situations for contested marking infraction calls, when the marker diverts
119 their attention away from marking while reasonably and quickly assessing the 123 their attention away from marking while reasonably and quickly assessing the
120 conditions to the thrower's marking infraction call, the marker could determine that 124 conditions to the thrower's marking infraction call, the marker could determine that
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125 was affected and the disc should be returned to the thrower.]] 129 was affected and the disc should be returned to the thrower.]]
126 130
127 18.1.3. After all marking infractions listed in [18.1.1] and where play has not stopped, the ma 131 18.1.3. After all marking infractions listed in [18.1.1] and where play has not stopped, the ma
... rker must resume the stall count with the number last fully uttered before the call, minus one ... rker must resume the stall count with the number last fully uttered before the call, minus one
... (1). ... (1).
128 [[ann 18.6 Resuming the stall count after Marking Infractions 132 [[ann 18.7 Resuming the stall count after Marking Infractions
129 133
130 When a marking infraction is called, the marker should immediately stop counting. 134 When a marking infraction is called, the marker should immediately stop counting.
131 The defence should then correct the infraction and the marker can then resume the 135 The defence should then correct the infraction and the marker can then resume the
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137 141
138 *Extra:* If more than one marking infraction is called during the same thrower possession it 142 *Extra:* If more than one marking infraction is called during the same thrower possession it
139 does not impact how the stall count is adjusted – the marker must still resume the 143 does not impact how the stall count is adjusted – the marker must still resume the
140 stall count with the number last fully uttered before the call, minus one (1).]] 144 stall count with the number last fully uttered before the call, minus one (1).
... 145 If play has stopped to discuss a Marking Infraction, then the stall count should be
... 146 restarted in accordance with rule [9.5].]]
141 147
142 18.1.3.1. The marker must not resume counting until any illegal positioning has been corrected. 148 18.1.3.1. The marker must not resume counting until any illegal positioning has been corrected.
... To do otherwise is a subsequent marking infraction. ... To do otherwise is a subsequent marking infraction.
143 149
144 18.1.4. Instead of calling a marking infraction, the relevant player may call a marking violati 150 18.1.4. Instead of calling a marking infraction, the relevant player may call a marking violati
... on and stop play if; ... on and stop play if;
145 [[ann 18.7 Marker does not adjust the stall count after a marking infraction 151 [[ann 18.8 Marker does not adjust the stall count after a marking infraction
146 152
147 *Extra:* If the marker does not adjust the stall count the thrower should call a fast count 153 *Extra:* If the marker does not adjust the stall count the thrower should call a fast count
148 infraction ([18.1.1.1]). If the marker still fails to adjust the stall count the thrower may 154 infraction ([18.1.1.1]). If the marker still fails to adjust the stall count the thrower may
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164 18.1.4.2. there is no stall count, 170 18.1.4.2. there is no stall count,
165 171
166 18.1.4.3. there is an egregious marking infraction, or 172 18.1.4.3. there is an egregious marking infraction, or
167 [[ann 18.8 Egregious marking infractions 173 [[ann 18.9 Egregious marking infractions
168 174
169 This includes flagrant breaches such as four defenders being around the thrower, the 175 This includes flagrant breaches such as four defenders being around the thrower, the
170 marker completely surrounding the thrower with their arms, and the marker only 176 marker completely surrounding the thrower with their arms, and the marker only
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180 18.2.1. After catching the disc, the thrower must reduce speed as quickly as possible, without 186 18.2.1. After catching the disc, the thrower must reduce speed as quickly as possible, without
... changing direction, until they have established a pivot point. ... changing direction, until they have established a pivot point.
181 187
182 18.2.1.1. However if a player catches the disc while running or jumping the player may release 188 18.2.1.1. However if a player catches the disc while running or jumping the player may release
... a pass without attempting to reduce speed and without establishing a pivot point, provided that ... a pass without attempting to reduce speed and without establishing a pivot point, provided that
... : ... :
183 [[ann 18.9 Passing while slowing down after catching the disc 189 [[ann 18.10 Passing while slowing down after catching the disc
184 190
185 *What:* An offensive player catches the disc while running and passes the disc while still in 191 *What:* An offensive player catches the disc while running and passes the disc while still in
186 the process of slowing down, and after two additional points of contact with the 192 the process of slowing down, and after two additional points of contact with the
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228 18.2.3.1. If they stand up it is not a travel, but only if a pivot point is established at the 234 18.2.3.1. If they stand up it is not a travel, but only if a pivot point is established at the
... same location. ... same location.
229 235
230 18.2.4. A travel infraction occurs if: 236 18.2.4. A travel infraction occurs if:
231 [[ann 18.10 Making a Travel call 237 [[ann 18.11 Making a Travel call
232 238
233 The defence should not call travel under section [18.2] for failing to slow down unless 239 The defence should not call travel under section [18.2] for failing to slow down unless
234 they have evidence that the player was not trying to stop while in possession of the 240 they have evidence that the player was not trying to stop while in possession of the
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247 * it should never take a player more than 5 steps to come to a stop 253 * it should never take a player more than 5 steps to come to a stop
248 254
249 Unless the defence has evidence along those lines, they should not call travel. 255 Unless the defence has evidence along those lines, they should not call travel.
250 ...
251 Players should also take into consideration that a player may change direction after 256 Players should also take into consideration that a player may change direction after
252 they have established a pivot – any change of direction after a pivot has been 257 they have established a pivot – any change of direction after a pivot has been
253 established should not be called a travel. 258 established should not be called a travel.
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258 [[anchor travel-by-opponent If the travel is caused solely by contact that is initiated by an o 263 [[anchor travel-by-opponent If the travel is caused solely by contact that is initiated by an o
... pponent, this should ... pponent, this should
259 not be considered a travel.]] 264 not be considered a travel.]]
260 265
261 *Extra:* If play has stopped, the thrower may change the part of their body that they have in 266 For travels calls related to the release of the throw, if the throwers toe drags a small
... 267 amount, the defender needs to take into account when the throw occurred relative
262 contact with the pivot spot. This is not a travel. 268 to the toe-drag, and also whether the breach is significant enough to make a
... 269 difference to the outcome of the action.
263 270
... 271 *Extra:* If play has stopped, the thrower should not change the part of their body that they ha
... ... ve in
... 272 contact with the pivot spot.
... 273
264 If a player aims to release a pass without attempting to stop in accordance with 274 If a player aims to release a pass without attempting to stop in accordance with
265 [18.2.1.1] but then change their mind and stop without releasing the pass after more 275 [18.2.1.1] but then change their mind and stop without releasing the pass after more
266 than two additional points of contact, this is a travel infraction and the travel is 276 than two additional points of contact, this is a travel infraction and the travel is
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269 A player is deemed to be changing direction after catching the disc if there is 279 A player is deemed to be changing direction after catching the disc if there is
270 sideways movement of their centre of mass before a pivot is established, or their 280 sideways movement of their centre of mass before a pivot is established, or their
271 pivot point is not established where their foot would naturally have stopped based 281 pivot point is not established where their foot would naturally have stopped based
272 on their previous motion.]] 282 on their previous motion.
... 283
... 284 A player who catches the disc while stationary must not take additional steps after
... 285 catching the disc.]]
273 [[comment Catch-and-throw-22 286 [[comment Catch-and-throw-22
274 287
275 If you intend to do a throw-and-go move under [18.2.1.1] (so you keep your current 288 If you intend to do a throw-and-go move under [18.2.1.1] (so you keep your current
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289 18.2.4.2. the thrower releases a pass in breach of [18.2.1.1]; 302 18.2.4.2. the thrower releases a pass in breach of [18.2.1.1];
290 303
291 18.2.4.3. anytime the thrower must move to a specified location, the thrower does not establish 304 18.2.4.3. anytime the thrower must move to a specified location, the thrower does not establish
... a pivot point before a wind-up or throwing motion begins; ... a pivot point before a wind-up or throwing motion begins;
292 [[ann 18.11 Run up for a throw 305 [[ann 18.12 Run up for a throw
293 306
294 After a pull, a turnover not in the central zone, or after momentum causes a player 307 After a pull, a turnover not in the central zone, or after momentum causes a player
295 to leave the playing field, the thrower cannot take a run up to make a pass whereby 308 to leave the playing field, the thrower cannot take a run up to make a pass whereby
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305 18.2.4.4. the thrower fails to keep the established pivot point until releasing a pass; 318 18.2.4.4. the thrower fails to keep the established pivot point until releasing a pass;
306 319
307 18.2.4.5. a player intentionally bobbles, fumbles or delays the disc to themselves, for the sol 320 18.2.4.5. a player intentionally bobbles, fumbles or delays the disc to themselves, for the sol
... e purpose of moving in a specific direction. ... e purpose of moving in a specific direction.
308 [[ann 18.12 Tipping 321 [[ann 18.13 Tipping
309 322
310 Any contact with the disc that is not a clean catch can be considered tipping (the 323 Any contact with the disc that is not a clean catch can be considered tipping (the
311 rules also use the terms bobbling, fumbling, and delaying). 324 rules also use the terms bobbling, fumbling, and delaying).
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328 in the process.]] 341 in the process.]]
329 342
330 18.2.5. After an accepted travel infraction is called (“travel”), play does not stop. 343 18.2.5. After an accepted travel infraction is called (“travel”), play does not stop.
331 [[ann 18.13 Continuing play after a Travel call 344 [[ann 18.14 Continuing play after a Travel call
332 345
333 *What:* An accepted Travel infraction is called and the thrower has not released the disc. 346 *What:* An accepted Travel infraction is called and the thrower has not released the disc.
334 347
335 *Result:* Play does not stop. The thrower must establish the pivot at the correct spot as per 348 *Result:* Play does not stop. The thrower must establish the pivot at the correct spot as per
336 rule 18.2.5. 349 rule 18.2.5.
337 350
338 *Extra:* If accepted, all players, except the thrower, are free to move anywhere on the field. 351 *Extra:* If accepted, all players, except the thrower, are free to move anywhere on the field.
339 ...
340 Play does not stop, but the disc is live, so it is still subject to a turnover (for example 352 Play does not stop, but the disc is live, so it is still subject to a turnover (for example
341 if the thrower drops it). 353 if the thrower drops it).
342 354
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357 18.2.5.3. The marker does not need to say “Stalling” before resuming the stall count. 369 18.2.5.3. The marker does not need to say “Stalling” before resuming the stall count.
358 370
359 18.2.6. If, after a travel infraction but before correcting the pivot point, the thrower throws 371 18.2.6. If, after a travel infraction but before correcting the pivot point, the thrower throws
... a completed pass, the defensive team may call a travel violation. Play stops and the disc is r ... a completed pass, the defensive team may call a travel violation. Play stops and the disc is r
... eturned to the thrower. The thrower must return to the location occupied at the time of the inf ... eturned to the thrower. The thrower must return to the location occupied at the time of the inf
... raction. Play must restart with a check. ... raction. Play must restart with a check.
360 [[ann 18.14 Resuming play after a travel violation 372 [[ann 18.15 Resuming play after a travel violation
361 373
362 After a travel violation the thrower must return to the location occupied at the time 374 After a travel violation the thrower must return to the location occupied at the time
363 of the infraction, not to the spot they should have been at. 375 of the infraction, not to the spot they should have been at.
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378 [[decision-diagram decision-diagram-pick.svg Pick called]] 390 [[decision-diagram decision-diagram-pick.svg Pick called]]
379 391
380 18.3.1. If a defensive player is guarding one offensive player and they are prevented from movi 392 18.3.1. If a defensive player is guarding one offensive player and they are prevented from movi
... ng towards/with that player by another player, that defensive player may call “Pick”. However i ... ng towards/with that player by another player, that defensive player may call “Pick”. However i
... t is not a pick if both the player being guarded and the obstructing player are making a play o ... t is not a pick if both the player being guarded and the obstructing player are making a play o
... n the disc at the time of the obstruction. ... n the disc at the time of the obstruction.
381 [[ann 18.15 Calling a Pick 393 [[ann 18.16 Calling a Pick
382 394
383 A pick should only be called if the obstructed player is within 3 metres of the player 395 A pick should only be called if the obstructed player is within 3 metres of the player
384 they were guarding at the time they were obstructed. However they do not need to 396 they were guarding at the time they were obstructed. However they do not need to
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425 437
426 Note that the position must be _agreed_; if the pick is contested, then that means 438 Note that the position must be _agreed_; if the pick is contested, then that means
427 that defense doesn't agree you would have occupied any other position (since they 439 that defense doesn't agree you would have occupied any other position (since they
428 think there was no obstruction); see [annotation18.15]. This is the only real difference 440 think there was no obstruction); see [annotation18.16]. This is the only real difference
429 between accepted and contested picks, although in practice, it is fairly rare 441 between accepted and contested picks, although in practice, it is fairly rare
430 to see picks be contested. 442 to see picks be contested.
431 443